“Black,” “orange tabby,” “longhaired,” “shorthaired”—all are common categories by which cats are identified, advertised, and sought. The English legend of Dick Whittington details his journey from rags to riches due to his cat’s mousing spinmills casino promo code prowess. The Greek writer Aesop made frequent mention of cats in his fables.
Associations with human culture
The paired gene copies may be different from each other and cause variations in characteristics. Cats, like all other sexually reproducing animals, inherit half of their genetic makeup from each parent. These sounds can be interpreted as greetings, demands, pleas, challenges, or warnings, depending on the tone. Kittens are born blind, deaf, and helpless; their senses begin to function about 10 days after birth. This efficient system vastly increases the chances that a cat will conceive, which is one of the reasons for cat overpopulation.
Ears
As mentioned earlier, the cat family is commonly divided between cats that roar and cats that purr. Thousands of cat mummies have been discovered in Egypt, along with mouse mummies, presumably to provide food for the cats in the afterlife. Humans needed their grain protected from rodents, and cats needed a ready food source. When humans gave up living as hunter-gatherers and began relying on agriculture, cats were attracted to the rodents feeding on crops and stored grain. Although the animal was certainly a source of meat and pelts, a partnership of sorts eventually developed between humans and cats, one based on mutual need.
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It is also the smallest member of that family, which includes lions, tigers, and pumas.
Domestic cats are characterized by retractable claws, powerful bodies, acute senses, long tails, and specialized teeth adapted for hunting prey. For example, the mutation that causes the ears to fold in the Scottish Fold breed can also cause a bone and cartilage abnormality called osteochondrodysplasia. A gene at a particular locus on a chromosome may have more than one form, because genes can mutate, and these changes may be passed onto future generations.
- Egyptian royalty adorned their cats in gold, while the lower classes made and wore jewelry depicting cats.
- Cats use a variety of sounds to communicate with other cats and with their human companions.
- Cats’ eyes are large with pupils that expand or contract to mere slits according to the density of light.
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- Concerning the domestic cat, it is perfectly designed for two prime functions—pest control and companionship—and people can select a cat according to which purpose is mainly desired.
In the center of the tongue, the papillae form backward-pointing hooks that rasp meat from the bones of prey and scoop up water when the cat drinks. The paw pads are also acutely sensitive and help the cat when grasping prey. The whiskers (vibrissae) are touch receptors that are vital to the cat’s hunting ability.
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For example, long hair in cats is a recessive trait; a cat must inherit the gene for long hair from both parents to have long hair. Cats use a variety of sounds to communicate with other cats and with their human companions. “Tomcats” (sexually mature males prone to fighting over mates) are not particular about the age, breed, or kinship of mating partners; they readily mate with related females.
- This claw-sheathing mechanism is present in all species of the cat family except the cheetah.
- “Black,” “orange tabby,” “longhaired,” “shorthaired”—all are common categories by which cats are identified, advertised, and sought.
- Also, dominant cats spray urine and leave their wastes uncovered to mark their territory.
- The cat’s tongue is covered by numerous sensory knobs called papillae, of which several types exist.
- Recent genetic studies have helped determine the origins of some of the oldest recognized breeds.
- The cat is also a familiar figure in nursery rhymes, stories, and popular entertainment.
- The earliest known association between cats and humans likely dates to the origins of agriculture in the Middle East, about 15,000–10,000 years ago.
Color perception is not highly developed in cats, likely because it is unimportant to their survival; detecting a prey animal’s movements is more important than observing its colors. The Jacobson’s, or vomeronasal, organ is situated between the nose and the palate, and cats access this sense by “flehming,” which looks like a cat grimace or sneer. In addition, cats have a special sense best described as a cross between taste and smell. Their sense of smell is crucial to sensing prey and evaluating food.
Adaptations have occurred with changes in prey, but the basic body type has stayed the same. Cats that resemble today’s felids first appeared in the early Pliocene Epoch (5.3 to 3.6 million years ago), and they have continued into present times with remarkably few changes. It is thought that all true cat species evolved from this small civetlike predator. The first felinelike mammal, Proailurus, evolved about 30 million years ago. Purring is a continuous, rattling hum and often is interpreted as an expression of pleasure or contentment.
Cats’ eyes are large with pupils that expand or contract to mere slits according to the density of light. Average lengths are 71.1 cm (28 inches) for males and 50.8 cm (20 inches) for females. The other lineage appeared in Egypt between 6,400 and 1,000 years ago before spreading throughout the Mediterranean. One lineage appeared in Asia Minor as early as 6,400 years ago, dispersing northward and westward into Europe.
Because domestic cats are crepuscular hunters, they need only one-sixth of the illumination levels humans require to see well. But there is also a popular belief that domestic cats have a sixth sense—the ability to find their way home over long distances. However, regardless of the color or pattern on the outside, all domestic cats are genetically tabbies like their wildcat ancestors. As domestic cats spread around the world along trade routes, the species became well adapted to life with humans.
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Cat (Felis catus), also called house cat or domestic cat, is a member of the family Felidae in the order Carnivora. Domestic cats have 19 pairs of chromosomes and, like humans, one pair of sex chromosomes determining their sex (two X chromosomes for females, one X and one Y chromosome for males). These genes determine the genetic makeup of the cat, called the genotype.
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For this reason, cats prefer their food to be warm, as odors are released by heat. The cat’s tongue is covered by numerous sensory knobs called papillae, of which several types exist. This cat “radar” is vital to the cat’s ability to move about and hunt in low-light conditions. The guard hairs are long and stiff and cover the top layer of the cat’s coat, keeping it dry.
The eyebrows and hairs of the cheek, chin, legs, and ears are extremely sensitive to vibrations and provide cats with a great deal of information. The average length of a full-grown domestic cat is 28 inches (71 cm) for males and 20 inches (51 cm) for females. The earliest known association between cats and humans likely dates to the origins of agriculture in the Middle East, about 15,000–10,000 years ago. The following article deals with general characteristics of the domestic cat.